Bruce Dawe Essays - Bruce Dawe, Dawe, , Term Papers

Bruce Dawe Homo Suburbiensis, Drifter's and Life-Cycle, Bruce Dawe, a well prestigious Australian artist was conceived in 1930 in Geelong. Who was once depicted as an customary guy with a distinction. Bruce Dawe expounds on standard Australian individuals in suburbia standing up to their regular issues. He watches and records the distress and difficulties of normal individuals attempting to make due back in the 1940's. Mr Dawe stresses his perspectives by making three out of his extraordinary straightforward sonnets Home Suburbiensis, Drifters and my preferred Life-Cycle. Sonnet Homo suburbiensis- Latin expression for people that live in suburbia. The sonnet shows a traditional rural family set on a quarter-section of land hinder with a bloom nursery and yard in front and a vegetable nursery (grass) at the back. Dawe keeps up that there is one consistent incentive in an unsteady existence where legislative issues assume a significant job. The man is a rural householder remaining solitary in his terrace on a tranquil night among his vegetables. Dawe's catches silly terms like it's not much but rather's everything we have. The symbolism proposes that Dawe is both commending the suburbs, while somehow or another puts down the rural householders dreams: The rich smell of manure and trash. The space taken incomprehensibly by stuffs dry land with drying plants speak to the congestion of the suburbs. His contemplations are lost getting away from the weights that accompanies life. The traffic unescapable to his psyche. Dawe shows a thoughtful look towards this individual lost in a green disarray, as even in the retreat of his lawn he despite everything can't get away from the way of life of rural areas. This is a decent case of a normal life, as this specific individual needs to escape the pressures, which feature TIME, PAIN, LOVE, HATE, AGE, EMOTION, and Giggling. All which are available and Dawe makes that mindful of an customary life. Being accomplished in his back yard. Dawe suggests that customary ways of life are eat, work, rest yet the strains individuals need to face regular. He goes into profundities of individuals' lives and makes their issues evident to the perusers. Dawe faces individuals' issues that isn't purchased up regular and are disregarded Another sonnet in which Bruce Dawe handles the issue of conventional individuals was Drifter's this sonnet speaks to family who move from all around, as the dad needs to move by the interest of his activity. The youthful kids are growing up to become familiar with no other lifestyle, as they are altogether pausing for the day they will move once more. The kids get amped up for moving here and there and the children will holler really. The oldest, she is seeing what she is passing up and is turning out to be mindful that there meandering lives may never change the most established young lady is near tears since she was glad here. She understands she can not lead an ordinary high school life as she isn't positioned long enough, to become companions with individuals her own age. She is getting disappointed with her life. From the above Dawe shows sympathy for the spouse, as she needs to experience this more than once she won't inquire as to why they're leaving this time. Also, the small kids are going to grow up to acknowledge they will also experience something very similar. Dawe likewise shows a genuine side in the sonnet, as the mother simply needs to settle down and have a quiet future. Dawe has a thoughtful standpoint towards the mother, by illustrating her deepest desires, likewise requesting that her significant other Tom make a desire in the last line of the sonnet Make a desire, Tom, make a desire.' The ten-section poemlife-cycle was most likely the most popular sonnet that Dawe composed it anticipates the football fans in Victoria it depicts the sonnet as something like a strict accept and salvation This sonnet depends on Australian development of Aussie Rules Football. It affirm football is depicted as a religion and food for some individuals in Victoria hot pies and potato-crisps they will eat. It likewise shows football continues the youthful and renews the old. Its custom is life continuing with no other thing preferable to do over help football. The writer utilizes the language of football uninhibitedly barracking...carn...streamers ...scarfed... Evil spirits... saints...ladder... last term ...three-quarter-time. The slang that he utilizes is infectious and straightforward what he went to state to the perusers. Dawe's way is marginally impolite however delicately so. He regards the quality of football' life and the life supporting characteristics it offers. The point

Micro Level Language Policy for Teaching- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about theMicro Level Language Policy for Teaching. Answer: Language Policy The improvement of large scale language strategies for nations and governments, along with country state level, is identified with language arranging and strategy. Outside nations and government, language strategies and arranging, may likewise be available in networks, business foundations, organizations of learning, and training research establishments. The incorporation of language arranging and approach outside government and nations prompts the advancement of language needs by these organizations. Such consideration is because of the event, at the miniaturized scale level, of approach arranging (Baldauf 2005). In the training research establishments and the organizations of learning language, understudies needs can be cooked for by creating smaller scale language arranging. The improvement of smaller scale language arranging is finished by improving the language abilities of the understudies with the contribution of instructors. The improvement of small scale language strategy is n't going great as it appears, numerous issues and issues regularly emerge subsequently thwarting this execution. This paper examines a portion of these issues and issues which emerge during the execution of language strategy. Arrangement entertainers, in any case, can utilize a few different ways to tackle and alleviate these language arranging and strategy issues. The issues can be alleviated on the grounds that there are numerous a ramifications that can be utilized to improve the reception of the small scale language arrangement and arranging. An appraisal of the writing on language arranging and strategy is important before setting out on the issues which influence its usage. The audit of the writing will empower us to comprehend the premise and settings of the issues for the execution of created approach. Covering the structure that was utilized to build up the small scale and full scale strategies is additionally fundamental for understanding the unique situation. Writing Review Language arranging has been characterized by Baldauf (2005) as the changes, both sorted out and deliberate, to a language. This adjustment of the language regularly happens among a comparative gathering of people, in nations, or in governments who have a typical language. This endeavor to give the significance of language arranging additionally infers that language arrangements come because of language arranging by instructive authorities and by nations. This clarification relates language strategy to its arranging. Language arrangement and arranging connection are intended for language change through the amalgamation of procedures, belief systems, rules, and guidelines (Kaplan Baldauf, 1997). Further connection of the two is seen when official and informal government papers implied for language arranging contain arrangements on language (Baldauf, 2005). An all around made structure is the thing that directs all the parts of arranging, for instance, corpus and status arranging, assoc iated with language arranging. These parts of arranging are related with highlights of dialects. Different parts of arranging incorporate the distinction arranging which names the presence of a language and procurement arranging which includes the; learning of another dialect. Language arranging is an unpredictable perspective which can occur in numerous levels beginning from a huge angle to a little viewpoint. Language arranging can happen at the smaller scale and full scale levels (Kaplan Baldauf, 1997). The focal point of this paper is on one of these degrees of arranging; the miniaturized scale level henceforth the depictions and the considerations discovered in that will be founded on small scale level arranging. Large scale level is regularly thought to offer ascent to the small scale level of arranging, yet this isn't the situation. Miniaturized scale level arranging is an alternate perspective which is centered around governments, nations, center people, instructive organizations, and gatherings with comparative targets. These gatherings bring forth an arrangement to endeavor and advance language approaches which are not identified with full scale strategies. The language strategies dependent on miniaturized scale arranging are a response by the ga therings in light of the issues of their current dialects (Baldauf, 2005). This, in itself, shows the contrast between small scale arrangement and large scale strategy. There are numerous elements and gatherings of individuals who are associated with smaller scale arranging. These gatherings run from enormous foundations of figuring out how to different partners, for example, training associations. In light of the numerous players and associations included, smaller scale arranging is frequently in a wide range of shapes and structures (Baldauf, 2005). Various gatherings actualize the arrangements distinctively thus the results are regularly differed. In his investigation, Baldauf discovered of an alternate small scale arranging when the postgraduate understudies he was surveying utilized the structures that have been presented previously. The distinctive miniaturized scale arranging perspectives because of utilization of various structures by the gatherings which are associated with the language strategy and arranging. The postgraduate understudies referenced concocted diverse smaller scale arranging strategies because of the use of the distinctive structure of arranging. A portion of the models utilized by the understudies and the systems they used to think of them have been shown in this paper. The postgraduate understudies gave a few thoughts behind their picking of this sort of system which offered ascend to various miniaturized scale arranging strategies. The utilization of the distinctive structure was required with the goal that they could accomplish their points. One of their reasons was with the goal that they could see bolster materials which were as utilized arranging. This is referred to as corpus arranging as it includes the assortments of compositions to be utilized in a specific errand. The other explanation was esteem arranging which is the naming of the presence of a language in order to advance them. The last explanation was the arranging of language-in-instruction with the goal that it could build up the language capacities in their workforce (Balduaf, 2005). Issues Affecting Implementation of Language Policies This article means to comprehend the setting of language issues influencing an English language place in Saudi University in the United Arab Emirates. This setting can likewise apply to other English language habitats in the district. This article plans to concoct the goals to these complexities looked by the inside. The English learning communities, for example, the one in Saudi University were built up primarily to give understudies who were keen on learning the English language an open door where they can learn and propel their English abilities. The vast majority of these focuses depend on casual settings henceforth they give students an outside-class involvement with improving learning abilities. In this inside, the instructors and the understudies themselves help each other to propel their language abilities. Such focuses are likewise evolved to help understudies to be capable in the English language to help in their mission of joining organizations of higher learning. In this language arrangement in the learning communities, the fundamental players are the leader of these organizations since they make the strategies. The instructors are likewise observed to be the principle players since they are answerable for building up the arranging of the approach made by the establishment heads. The guides give their recommendations and aptitude in creating the language approach. Numerous issues emerge as the instructors and the leaders of the learning places turn out arrangement plans. The issues looked by the guides and the foundation heads emerge when they are executing the arrangements in the learning habitats. The issues looked by the mentors and the heads are because of arranging and execution of language approach. The job of instructors in drawing in understudies to these foundations can prompt an ascent in issues. Since the majority of the understudies are accustomed to communicating in their local dialects outside the study hall, it makes a test to the usage of language arrangement. A portion of the projects educated in these establishments are offered in times which struggle to the genuine projects of different courses, and this can demonstrate testing since the understudies need to pick one to join in. The understudies frequently organize their standard projects consequently making issues for language arranging execution. Moreover, issues can emerg e because of the utilization of ill-advised materials and powerless instructing techniques utilized by mentors during the program, the objectives of the learning program are likewise hazy prompting the utilization of a frail educational plan of educating. At long last, the mentors and the directors, because of cultural conduct and different variables, neglect to consider the understudies proposals and requirements when they are searching for approaches to improve the program. Such an inability to tune in to the understudies regularly bring about a poor usage of the program by understudies and thus don't prompt the improvement in their language abilities. As recently observed, the greater part of the issues emerge from the manner in which the instructors and the leaders of the foundations actualize the program. One of the outstanding issues that emerges because of this usage is the methodologies and techniques utilized by these instructors. The educators use techniques which are like ordinary projects subsequently a large portion of the understudies get exhausted with the program since it broadens a similar tedium of the homeroom programs. As observed, the targets of the program are not very much characterized and are not imparted to the understudies. This is an issue in that the understudies don't think about the goals when taking the program. One huge issue, nonetheless, is that the players of the approach execution don't take in the understudies recommendations on how best to actualize the program. For a program to succeed, it must take in the input from the understudies since they are the one whom the program is intended for. The objective of the program is to improve the aptitudes of the understudies and to do that; it ought to get their contribution on how they can improve their English abilities. Answers for the Problems Affecting Language Policy Implementation For appropriate usage of the language strategy, the coaches and schools heads should handle the issues confronting the execution. The

Do You Ever Really Own A Domain

Do You Ever Really Own A Domain Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!Do You Ever Really Own A Domain?Updated On 20/02/2016Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : Web HostingShort URL : http://hbb.me/1RTnVgO CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogSomeone recently asked me if they could take their domain registration over from their web host. Their web host, as with many web hosts, provides free domain registration (something that can save a webmaster $15-$20 a year). They had a concern that their web host was somehow the true owner of the domain, and that they were, well, just squatting there.The truth is, we’re all just renting our domains. Maybe this sounds philosophical, but it has implications for everyone who has website, even companies like Microsoft. In 2003 the company forgot to renew the UK version of its hotmail domain. An embarrassment to be sure, and a potentially costly one too. Once a domain’s registration lapses, anyone can buy it. An d more often than not, the domain is put up for sale. In Microsoft’s case the domain was purchased by someone with the good intention of giving the domain back.Getting back to the original subject, web hosts register domains on your behalf. So generally (there can be exceptions) there’s very little difference between registering your domain yourself, and having your web host do it for you. The only difference would be the cost, as going the web host registration route usually saves about $20 a year. In fact, even when you register through register.com or tucows, you’re still using a third-party to register the domain. If you do chose to do your own domain registration, give serious consideration to paying extra for domain privacy. This will shield your personal information from prying eyes who want to know who registered the domain.and where they live.READHow to Look for a Hosting Provider?The most important thing is to understand how your web host handles renewal. Is it autom atic? Is it free for life, or only for a single year? Reading some good web hosting reviews can answer many of these questions, but it never hurts to read the fine print yourself.

Jacques ‐ Joseph Tissot s Waiting For The Train - 1842 Words

This essay will argue that Jacques†Joseph Tissot (later James Tissot) depicts modern life through Waiting for the Train (Willesden Junction) (1871-1873, Dunedin Public Art Gallery) by painting the interaction of a young middle-class woman and the modern environment of a London train station. Tissot (1836-1902) was a French Realist who broke away from the traditions of religious and classical painting through the style of rigorous naturalism which was common in the nineteenth century. He paints life as it is in the modern era, depicting the social and cultural norms of the time. The social and cultural norms of the nineteenth century are seen in Tissot s Waiting for the Train (Willesden Junction) where the finely dressed upper-middle class mingle, waiting for the train at a London Station. During this essay I will make the conclusion that Tissot depicts modern life through the formal elements of Waiting for the Train (Willesden Junction) which include composition, colour, line, texture, scale, proportion, balance, contrast, and rhythm. I will then go on to make a stylistic analysis explaining how Waiting for the Train (Willesden Junction) fits into the stylistic category of Modernism and then the more specific category of Realism. Finally, I will analyse how Tissot depicts modern life by discussing elements of influence including the writings of Charles Baudelaire and the artwork of Édouard Manet. In James Tissot s work, Waiting for the Train (Willesden Junction) the

The Role Of Fate In Greek Mythology - 1288 Words

When we look at Greek Mythology we often run into the gods of that era. Sometimes they are merely backdrops to the human element of the story but in stories such as The Odyssey the gods play a prominent if not vital role to the central themes of the story. Fate has a place in the Greek world but is place is not the same as it is in other scenarios or worlds. It is important to understand the word before we discuss it. Fate as far as Greek mythology goes is not just fate, by most standards fate is described as things that occur for an unknown reason that no one has any control over. However, in Greek Mythology fate simply does not just happen. The God’s create the fate and interfere to make things happen that might not otherwise hav†¦show more content†¦That was his free will. Some say that the gods knew Odysseus would not stay and that is why they decided to let him go. However, knowledge of an act doesn’t take away the fact that Odysseus chose himself. The gods took much of his life away and he had more reason than anyone to give up and say to himself, â€Å"This is my fate.† Ann, a critic of The Odyssey says, â€Å"Blaming the gods for your faults doesn’t always work, though. There’s a dif ference between having a fate and accepting your fate. The real heroes never give in.† (Ann par. 26) That difference, between having fate and accepting it, is free will. Once the gods have controlled the â€Å"fate† of certain people, the gods let the happenings take course. It is true that the gods interfere with the lives of the people, but that will never take away their free will. Zeus says it himself in the beginning of The Odyssey while talking to other gods upon Olympus, â€Å"My word how mortals take the gods to task! All their afflictions come from us, we hear. And what of their own failings?† (Homer 210) This statement by Zeus says that the people are indeed responsible for themselves and they have the ability to make their own choices. Regarding the same verse Torrey stated, â€Å"This makes it seem that while men don’t take responsibility in the Odyssey, the gods say they should...† (Philemon, par. 1) Zeus also gives us another good exam ple in that same speech. Here Zeus questionsShow MoreRelatedGreek Mythology : Fate And The Fates1609 Words   |  7 PagesThe concept of fate and the influence of gods on mortals’ lives are prominent aspects of Greek mythology. While the gods of Olympus are commonly presented as the primary manipulators of human lives, the Fates are the true creators of destiny. Gods may be able to affect human lives in monumental ways, but predetermined destiny and the Fates’ intentions ultimately reign. The gods have respect for this authority, as well, as they’re aware that a limit on their ability to intervene is necessary to maintainRead MoreAn Analysis Of Edith Hamilton s Mythology1073 Words   |  5 Pages Depicted to be the most important theme within Edith Hamilton s Mythology, Moira is the decided fate of mortal man chosen by the Gods that tower above in Mount Olympus. Thus, fate is a reoccurring theme within Greek storytelling. The Greeks needed an explanation for t he elements in their life, such as earthquakes, thunder, storms, the moon and the sky. Human nature dictates that an answer must be nominated for the unknown, for that emptiness to be filled. Even in the tale of the Argonauts, thisRead MoreWomen Of Ancient Greek Mythology Essay1535 Words   |  7 PagesGreece. Throughout Greek mythology, women were considered inferior and troublesome symbols, while men were known for courage, leadership, and strength. While there is no argument of the flagrant sexism that is illustrated in Greek mythology, it can also be claimed that women were given a situated position of freedom, necessity, and power as well. Many popular Greek plays and myths contain several complexes and well described female characters. These goddesses themselves, partook the role of victim, heroineRead MoreThe Importance Of Greek Mythology1605 Words   |  7 Pagespopular everyday items that we use in our life sometimes, are inspired by Greek mythology. Sports brands, movies and T.V shows, the most complicated technology, books and many more, are all examples of Greek Mythology. If you take modern day items that we use and compare it to Greek mythology, believe it or not there is a big connection. But how come people today are inspired by Greek mythology? Also, why is Greek mythology important to us if they were just myths? It was such a while ago, so why doRead MoreWhy Greek Mythology Is Still Relevant Today And Why We Still Use It1585 Words   |  7 Pagesinspired by Greek mythology. Sports brands, movies and T.V shows, the most complicated technology, books and many more, are all examples of Greek Mythology. If you take modern day items that we use and compare it to Greek mythology, believe it or not there is a big connection. This essay will explain about why Greek mythology is still relevant today and why we still use it. Literature Review- Summary #1 In â€Å"The Greek Gods† from The Romans Anne Millard and Susan Peach describes that the Greeks hadRead MoreWhy Greek Mythology Is Still Relevant Today And Why We Still Use It1588 Words   |  7 Pagesby Greek mythology. Sports brands, movies and T.V shows, the most complicated technology, books and many more, are all examples of Greek Mythology. If you take modern day items that we use and compare it to Greek mythology, believe it or not there is a big connection. This essay will explain about why Greek mythology is still relevant today and why we still use it. Literature Review- Summary #1 In â€Å"The Greek Gods† from The Romans Anne Millard and Susan Peach describes that the Greeks hadRead MoreThe Role Of Fate And Fate In Oedipus1075 Words   |  5 PagesIn the current world, fate and destiny are not things to be believed in. Anyone who says so is often deemed as a fake or a fraud, which is usually true. In stories, however, things like fate and destiny play a large role. It is a common trope found in most novels. There are peaceful fates, but in the case of Oedipus, it was an unruly one, in which he was set on a path to his own demise. The story itself starts at the point in time in which all the Oracle of Delphi had told was true, but everyoneRead MoreThe Discovery Of Mars Bars1635 Words   |  7 Pagesconnection between Mars Bars and the god of war, Mars, creates a powerful and intimidating, yet attractive image of the snack. Source #2: PANDORA is a jewelry brand known for their charm bracelets and is an allusion to the first woman of Greek mythology, Pandora. Aphrodite, Apollo, and several other gods/goddesses bestowed gifts on Pandora, which means all-gifted. In their choice of name, PANDORA is saying their items embody various attractive characteristics, such as beauty. Although PandoraRead MoreThe Importance of Greek Mythology1650 Words   |  7 PagesThe importance of Greek mythology Today, the ancient Greek myths still fascinate readers throughout the world. There are thousands of books written about the importance of Greek mythology in the formation of modern-time societies. There are hundreds of movies created about the adventures of Greek heroes. Apparently, the events, creatures, and people described in the ancient Greek myths were not real; however, their mythical nature does not undermine the importance of Greek mythology in defining theRead MoreAntigone Moral Dilemma1253 Words   |  6 Pagesburied according to the Gods, but instead He shall be left unburied for all to watch the corpse mutilated and eaten by carrion-birds and by dogs (Sophocles, 1900.). This dilemma is felt by many, especially Antigone (sister of the deceased). In Greek culture it is thought that the spirit of a body cannot find rest if it is has not been laid to rest by the evening of the day it has departed, and it is condemned to roam the earth for eternity. The struggle between hum an law and divine law is a moral

The Crucible By Arthur Miller - 1169 Words

In a perfect world, every citizen would be beatific because of their wealth, fame, and fortune. Each person would have a reason to smile every morning, and would not face any consequences if they took part in immoral actions. However, if one person seems out of place in a utopia, he or she may be a victim to oppression. In most fables, the unique character, or underdog, finishes victoriously: becoming the hero, winning over the girl, and so forth. This story line has been seen in many different fairy tales. The Crucible follows that same plot, but twists the typical denouement into one that portrays the darkness of a society meticulously. Arthur Miller’s The Crucible highlights the significance of conformity in a society of people and growing suspicion that will begin to lurk throughout a community if one is different. This is portrayed accurately by the vehement John Proctor, who had the ability to influence society conspicuously because of his refusal to act as a typical Pur itan. Throughout The Crucible, it is evident that the citizens in Miller’s recreation of Salem act extremely similar. The Puritan people described in the book undoubtedly share their faith, building a theocracy in the village. The augmentation of Puritan hubris occurred because of their inability to convert the polytheistic Indian community situated within the forest. The Puritans, failing to ‘help’ the Indians, labeled the Indian residency as one belonging to the Devil where â€Å"heathenShow MoreRelatedThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1269 Words   |  6 PagesAt first glance, the playwright Arthur Miller in The Crucible highlights the historical significance of the Salem Witch Trials of 1692, but in fact it is an allegorical expression of his perception of McCarthyism. If the reader has some background information on Arthur Miller’s victimization as a communist, it is evident that the play is a didactic vessel illustrating the flaws of the court system in the 1 950’s. The communist allegations were launched at government employees, entertainers and writersRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1681 Words   |  7 Pagesof their way to the last dying breath to make sure they leave with a good or bad reputation. In one of the recent literature study in class â€Å"The Crucible† by Arthur Miller, Miller uses characterization to illustrate reputation throughout the play. â€Å"The Crucible† takes place in Salem, Massachusetts. It is based upon the Salem witch trails. In â€Å"The Crucible†, we journey through the life of three characters who reputations plays a major role in the play. The three characters are John Proctor, AbigailRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1333 Words   |  6 PagesAs the various characters in The Crucible by Arthur Miller interact, the dominant theme of the consequences of women’s nonconformity begins to slide out from behind the curtains of the play. Such a theme reveals the gri pping fear that inundated the Puritans during the seventeenth century. This fear led to the famous witch-hunts that primarily terrorized women who deviated from the Puritan vision of absolute obedience and orthodoxy. Arthur Miller presents his interpretation of the suffering by subtlyRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller998 Words   |  4 Pagesmotivated by jealousy and spite. The Crucible is a four-act dramatic play production that was first performed on January 22, 1953. Arthur Miller used dialogue within the characters to cover the multiple themes; conflicts and resolutions, plus the few directions for the different actions of the play. The Salem Witch Trials were intended to be performed as the play however, when read, it can be more carefully examined and broken down to analyze the techniques. Miller, the playwright, uses literaryRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1145 Words   |  5 PagesUnbalance Through The Centuries In Arthur Miller’s play, The Crucible, the author reflects the persecution of communists in America in the 1950’s through a recount of the Salem witch trials. It is often presumed that Miller based his drama directly off of events that were particularly prevalent in the years surrounding the publication of The Crucible- which was released in the year 1953, towards the conclusion of the Korean War. Although there was not a literal witch hunt occurring during this timeRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1063 Words   |  5 PagesIn the English dictionary, there are three definitions of the word crucible. One is a metal container in which metals are mixed and melted. Another is a severe test. But the third definition, and the one that I think fits the best for this book, is a place or situation in which different elements interact to create something new. In my mind, this fits because all of the characters had their little grudges and dirty secrets. But when all th ose seemingly little things interact, they formed somethingRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1285 Words   |  6 Pages Rationale, Morality, Stereotypes, Pressure, Self-Censorship, Unanimity, and Mindguards. Groupthink has also taken place in our history a a country. The play, The Crucible by Arthur Miller is about a the real-life Salem Witch Trials that happened in 1692 - 1693, in Salem, Massachusetts. Some symptoms of Groupthink found in the Crucible are Rationale, Pressure, and Self-Censorship. The Groupthink symptom, Rationale, is described as when victims of Groupthink ignore warnings: they also collectivelyRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller811 Words   |  4 Pages While The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, is only a four act play, it still resembles the format of a five act play. The five-act structure evolved from a three-act structure, which was made famous by Roman Aelius Donatus. Donatus came up with three types of plays: Protasis, Epitasis, and Catastrophe. The five-act structure helped to expand the three act structure, mainly made famous by Shakespeare through his many tragedies. Even though The Crucible contains only four acts, it still has the commonRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1052 Words   |  5 PagesBuddy Al-Aydi Ms.Healy English 9 CP 14th October 2014 The Crucible Essay The Crucible was a novel written by Arthur Miller in the 1950’s. It was written in a format of the play, portraying an allegory of the Salem Witch-Hunts led by Senator Joseph McCarthy. The book is known to have a inexplicable plot. This plot is advanced by multiple characters in the book in order to ensure that the reader maintains interest with the material that is being read. The farmer, John Proctor, would be theRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller841 Words   |  4 PagesThe Crucible is a chaotic play, throughout this American classic Arthur Miller takes the reader through multiple events of terror and insanity. While creating a great on-stage play, Arthur Miller portrays his life through the events, the characters, and plot of The Crucible. Using vivid imagery and comprehensible symbolism, Miller manipulates the real personalities of the characters and events in 1600 Salem, Massachusetts to create a symbolic autobiography. Throughout this play, the reader experie nces

A case study of clothes R UsReferences Essay Example For Students

A case study of clothes R UsReferences Essay Introduction Apparels R Us opened its doors and began operations more than a decennary ago. When the company foremost opened. the laminitiss and CEOs were on the floor seeking to sell to clients their assorted apparels and designs. The apparels came with economized monetary values. saved clients clip that would hold been spent looking for the right garb and in so making do the customer’s lives less complicated. The shop has grown so much in the past decennary. to go a major provider concatenation that is non merely nationally recognized but besides globally renowned. The phenomenal growing comes with even higher growing in footings of one-year gross revenues and income. The company has surprisingly continues to keep some kind of loose human resource scheme. Directors have paid small attending towards reconstituting the human resource and monitoring of public presentation particularly when it comes to repair employees. Lack of a centralised system to command and pull off the departments’ means that there are no specific inside informations on the public presentation of employees. Clothes R us has operated with a decentralized. freewheeling civilization in which each shop director has treated his or her ain employees as some sort of personal land in which the director has the right to command their enlisting and public presentation as they see fit. Majority of the full clip gross revenues people have college grades in add-on to huge experience in their country of specialisation. However. there is continued discontent with the trust on insouciant employees. The beginning of the job stemmed from the early yearss when the company required inexpensive labour. Unfortunately. the continued trust on insouciant employees has caused demoralisation among the lasting employees. A company that was seeing much growing in the yesteryear is non confronting a crisis in human resource. Outline1 Specifying the job2 Legal deductions3 Keeping healthy relationships4 Recommendations5 Mentions Specifying the job Even with assorted schemes coming to play to guarantee that the company does non run out of needed work force. these will merely be effectual if the lasting employees are motivated to execute at a much higher degree. Clothes R US is merely get downing to recognize the importance of a motivated work force. The challenge comes in guaranting and keep the motive of employees. Continued trust on insouciant employees has restrained the flexibleness of the lasting employees. Employees lack the chance to be independent. Casual employees take up functions that would necessitate originative direction and accomplishments ; as such the company is now enduring from the being of a dull work force. Directors have been slow in understanding. how flexibleness motivates the employees. Flexibility is non merely in points of responsibilities but besides in footings of the work hours and even the work topographic point. A common quotation mark is that alteration is every bit good as a remainder. Professional human resource advisers frequently advice companies to guarantee that employees have a assortment of endowments. displacements and even work desks. The alteration frequently serves to do the occupation seem new and hence actuate the employee. Poor motive besides means high turnover of the employees. Low assurance: assurance is a character that lays down the foundation of employee motive. It is of import for employees to experience they non merely have the accomplishments but besides the know how to cover with assorted challenges at the work topographic point. Since. Clothes R US focuses more on using temporarily employees to pull off simple undertakings ; employees are fast losing assurance in their ability to execute. With the planned enlargement. the company is now confronting a crisis. Employees are unwilling to go forth their comfort zones. unwilling to volunteer for the new undertaking and even choosing for increased bend over. Because bulk of the employees in the company exhibit low ego regard. they are unable to do usage of their accomplishments and endowments. Further. they are wholly unable to organize positive work relationships. This means that they are less than loyal to the company and therefore more likely to seek other employment even when they are gaining less. It is non surprising hence to happen that employees of fabrics R US are ever happening alibis as to why they are non executing. why the company is non turning instead than heightening their ain accomplishments to guarantee better public presentation. The company is presently holding a lasting work force enduring from low ego regard. Lowered outlooks: one of the chief drawbacks of trusting on current and contingent employees is that the public presentation degrees and outlooks of success have been lowered in the company. It is hence non surprising to happen that the lasting employees merely do every bit much as is expected of them to run into their ain responsibilities. The lasting employees do non force themselves or even use themselves wholeheartedly and diligently to their occupations. The company low outlooks have served to kill employee morale to make better and better at each undertaking. Alternatively. employees study to work. make the lower limit and leave the remainder to the insouciant employees. Contingency syndrome: eventuality workers frequently provide an advantage to employers. Clothes R US began taking advantage of this group of worker during the early old ages of enlargement. Contingency workers do non anticipate benefits and are frequently paid much less than lasting workers. They are given disputing undertakings which would otherwise cost the company in footings of preparation lasting employees to guarantee they have the accomplishments to finish the occupation. Unfortunately. the addition of eventuality workers in the company has had a negative impact. Joseph C. R. Licklider EssayAuthorization: employees of Clothes R Us have suffered from deficiency of authorization. This has led to lowered public presentation and serious jobs in motive. The traveling period is an ideal chance to authorise the lasting employees by supplying them with alone undertakings cultured for their ain preparation and set of accomplishments. This will give employees an chance to go more involved and hence surrogate committedness to the undertaking. Mathis and Jackson ( 2003 ) . province that In add-on. authorization will liberate directors to concentrate on the bigger undertakings instead than sudating the inside informations. This is a great chance for employees to prove their ain abilities and creativeness in covering with the challenges that come Forth. The consequence is a much more motivated and high skilled set of workers who are committed to the undertaking to the full. It is clip for the senior directors to swear their ain employees. Groups and Teams: the company decidedly requires some signifier of synergism in the work force. This could be easy achieved by trusting on groups and squads. In squads. members are expected to pass on. bounciness thoughts around and rectify each other’s errors. The consequence is that there is a diverse set of cognition. Further. undertakings are completed as a squad furthering healthy and positive relationships which have been missing within the company. Harmonizing to Jeffs ( 2008 ) . to bask the full fruits of groups and squads. the directors have the duty of guaranting that the squads are composed of members with complimentary cognition. accomplishments and characters. This reduces the sum of struggle that could be experienced and promotes more positive signifiers of disputing each other. The groups besides need to bask some kind of liberty with minimal supervising so that the members enjoy the freedom of determination devising. The squads in themselves are leaders. managers and ushers in the undertakings that are. Recommendations The jobs faced by Clothes R US can be resolved merely though the three constituents of the anticipation theory by Vroom Victor. His theory suggests that when employees believe that high attempts are frequently met with high wagess. they become more motivated. The constituents of such motive are: Increasing anticipation: employees of the company have been enduring from low outlooks. a state of affairs that has been brought on by increased trust of immature. impermanent workers. Senior directors have an chance to pass on that high attempts will take to great wagess for lasting employees. Based on this. employees need to be challenged to take up disputing undertakings. the success of which will be increased wagess. It is the success in such undertakings whether in a squad or separately that are likely to increase the degree of anticipation. For workers to hold the assurance to take up such ambitious undertakings. they may necessitate excess preparation and squad edifice activities that will give them the assurance. Increasing instrumentality: directors at Clothes R US have ignored and hardly understand the importance of instrumentality to increasing employee motive. Instrumentality speaks to the employee’s perceptual experience about the extent to which public presentation within certain undertakings will take to coveted ends and consequences. Such ends include. increased wage. occupation security and the opportunity to set about more interesting and bewitching undertakings. Instrumentality can be achieved merely though the enlargement of occupation responsibilities and flexibleness of occupation rubrics which allow employees to prove their ain abilities and endowments. For illustration. should the company link wage rises to public presentation ; there will be increased instrumentality and as such more motive non merely to work but to stand out at work. This will besides cover with the issue of increased bend over. Increasing valency: anticipation theory acknowledges that when it comes to ends and results. people are different. Whereas some workers may react to pay addition. others are more interested in disputing undertakings and undertakings. Valence hence addresses how each of the results appears to employees. Senior directors will non merely throw in what they think will be attractive to employees. Rather. they will take clip to understand the work force and entreaty to their ain assortment of desires. ends and demands. A cardinal challenge for the directors of Clothes R US. is happening the right form of motive while at the same clip seeking to spread out the range of the concern. No affair how many desirable results the directors present to the employees. if they continue to experience that impermanent workers can make better than motive will travel down. ( David 2005 ) . This means scaling down on the contingent workers and trusting more and more on the lasting employees. The company has the challenge of brining back assurance to its workers. This means concentrating on diverseness in the occupation specifications and guaranting flexibleness in the undertakings assigned to the work force. Mentions David. F. R. ( 2005 ) .Strategic direction: Concepts and instances. Upper Saddle River. N. J: Pearson Prentice Hall. Dessler. G. ( 2000 ) .Human resource direction. Upper Saddle River. New jersey: Prentice Hall. Gopal. C. C. R. ( 2008 ) .Business statute law ( text edition with suggested replies ). New Delhi: New Age International ( P ) Ltd. . Publishers. Jeffs. C. ( 2008 ) .Strategic direction. Los Angeles: Sage. Mathis. R. L. . A ; Jackson. J. H. ( 2003 ) .Human resource direction. Mason. Buckeye state: Thomson/South-western.

AV and Semilunar Heart Valves

AV and Semilunar Heart Valves What Are Heart Valves? Valves are flap-like structures that allow blood to flow in one direction. Heart valves are vital to the proper circulation of blood in the body. The heart has two kinds of valves, atrioventricular and semilunar valves. These valves open and close during the cardiac cycle to direct the flow of blood through the heart chambers and out to the rest of the body. Heart valves are formed from elastic connective tissue which provides the flexibility needed to open and close properly. Malfunctioning heart valves inhibit the hearts ability to pump blood and life giving oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the body. Atrioventricular (AV) Valves The atrioventricular valves are thin structures that are composed of endocardium and connective tissue. They are located between the atria and the ventricles. Tricuspid Valve: This heart valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle. When closed, it allows oxygen-depleted blood returning to the heart from the venae cavae to fill the right atrium. It also prevents the back flow of blood as it is pumped from the right atrium to the right ventricle. When open, it allows blood from the right atrium to flow into the right ventricle.Mitral Valve:Â  This heart valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle. When closed, it allows the left atrium to fill with oxygen-rich blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary veins. It opens to allow blood from the left atrium to fill the left ventricle. Semilunar Valves The semilunar valves are flaps of endocardium and connective tissue reinforced by fibers which prevent the valves from turning inside out. They are shaped like a half moon, hence the name semilunar (semi-, -lunar). The semilunar valves are located between the aorta and the left ventricle, and between the pulmonary artery and the right ventricle. Pulmonary Valve: This heart valve is located between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery. When closed, it prevents the back flow of blood as it is pumped from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery. When open, it allows oxygen-depleted blood to be pumped from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery. This blood goes onto the lungs where it picks up oxygen.Aortic Valve: This heart valve is located between the left ventricle and aorta. When closed, it allows blood from the left atrium to fill the left ventricle and prevents the back flow of blood that is pumped from the left ventricle to the aorta. When open, oxygen-rich blood can flow to the aorta and onto the rest of the body. During the cardiac cycle, blood circulates from the right atrium to the right ventricle, from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery, from the pulmonary artery to the lungs, from the lungs to the pulmonary veins, from the pulmonary veins to the left atrium, from the left atrium to the left ventricle, and from the left ventricle to the aorta and on to the rest of the body. In this cycle, blood passes through the tricuspid valve first, then the pulmonary valve, mitral valve, and finally the aortic valve. During the diastole phase of the cardiac cycle, the atrioventricular valves are open and semilunar valves closed. During the systole phase, the atrioventricular valves close and the semilunar valves open. Heart Sounds The audible sounds that can be heard from the heart are made by the closing of the heart valves. These sounds are referred to as the lub-dupp sounds. The lub sound is made by the contraction of the ventricles and the closing of the atrioventricular valves. The dupp sound is made by the semilunar valves closing. Heart Valve Disease When heart valves become damaged or diseased, they dont function properly. If valves dont open and close properly, blood flow becomes disrupted and body cells dont get the nutrient supply they need. The two most common types of valve dysfunction are valve regurgitation and valve stenosis. These conditions put stress on the heart causing it to have to work much harder to circulate blood. Valve regurgitation occurs when valves dont close correctly allowing blood to flow backward into the heart. In valve stenosis, valve openings become narrow due to enlarged or thickened valve flaps. This narrowing restricts blood flow. A number of complications may result from heart valve disease including blood clots, heart failure, and stroke. Damaged valves can sometimes be repaired or replaced with surgery. Artificial Heart Valves Should heart valves become damaged beyond repair, a valve replacement procedure can be performed. Artificial valves constructed from metal, or biological valves derived from human or animal donors can be used as suitable replacements for damaged valves. Mechanical valves are advantageous because they are durable and dont wear out. However, the transplant recipient is required to take blood thinners for life to prevent blood clot formation due to the tendency of blood to clot on artificial material. Biological valves can be derived from cow, pig, horse, and human valves. Transplant recipients are not required to take blood thinners, but biological valves can wear down over time.

Science and Shamanism Essays

Science and Shamanism Essays Science and Shamanism Paper Science and Shamanism Paper Just like Science, Shamanism started a very long time ago. As Shamanism is considered as archaic magico-religious phenomenon in which the shaman is the great master of ecstasy, Science is also known as an ancient part of life in which its masters are called Natural Philosophers and later are known as Scientists. There are many commonalities and similarities between Science and Shamanism. Shamanism without their knowing also incorporates scientific methods while performing and making potions from herbs. Same with Shamans, Scientist also perform tasks and experiments by using special tools. Both Shamanism and Science respond to society’s needs. A very good example is by healing. Scientist conduct experiments and tests to discover medicines that can cure illness just like shamans. Thus, we can say that Science and Shamanism somewhat are related to each other, but however there are still factors that keep them apart. First, Shamanism in terms of healing is not really accepted by western Science, why? Because both of them can heal certain patients their sources of healing are undoubtedly very different. Shamanism is a range of beliefs, rituals and practices regarding communication with the spiritual world. They heal people by mending souls. Shaman gains knowledge or power to heal an individual by entering the spiritual world or its dimension. The shaman may acquire many spirit guides in the spirit world, these guides direct the shaman in his/her travels. The spirits are always present in the Shaman though others only encounter one when there is a Shaman around. The Shaman heals by returning lost parts of the human soul from wherever they have gone to. The Shaman also cleanses excess negative energies which confuse or pollute the soul. Science on the other hand is a systematic enterprise of knowledge about nature and organizing and condensing that knowledge into testable laws and theories. These laws and theories are used by scientist to invent things and cure diseases by making medicines and vaccines. Scientists perform research toward a more comprehensive understanding of nature, including physical, mathematical and social realms. Since Science is a complex branch of understanding and has many fields of expertise, thus Scientist don’t call or rely on spirits but rather use scientific knowledge. Scientists study different fields of science to gain knowledge and use that knowledge to help people. This knowledge is used in biomedical research. Biomedical research is a research concerning medicines that cure people scientifically unlike shamans that use spirits in healing. This is another factor that sets shamanism apart from science. Another factor that sets Science and Shamanism apart is the basic implicit principle in Shamanism that there are two realities and that the perception of each depends upon ones state of consciousness. In this principle 2 realities are stated. The first is â€Å"OR† or â€Å"ordinary reality† in which those in the ordinary state of consciousness (OSC) are the ones that are involved in this. Scientists and ordinary people are considered to belong in this â€Å"OR†. On the other hand Shamans believe that they do have another kind of reality. They call this the â€Å"NOR† or non-ordinary reality in which those in the â€Å"shamanic state of consciousness† (SSC) are the only ones who can experience this. And lastly, people who believe that Science is more accurate never relied on Shamanism. Not only in medical purposes but also in anything that Science can prove and study. Thus, a boundary between people who believe in Science and the ones who have faith in Shamanism is made. Since Scientists study things very carefully before ordinary people deal with it, most of the western people believe that Shamanism is just a fiction. On the other hand the ones who believe in Shamanism also think the same way western people think. Because of this line people who have their own beliefs never tried or tested both. A very great example is during ancient times. Since then Science never believed and accepted that spirits are real. Historical origins prove the attacks of the Church on such pioneering scientists as Galileo and Copernicus during the Renaissance and Reformation. Up to the present Scientist never believed spirits. One of the great scientists that never believed spirits is Einstein. He believed spirits or souls are otherwise anathema and not acceptable as part of the paradigm. This results to the limitation of the parameters of science by decreeing that certain prior phenomena cannot have existence. It also resulted to limitation of science whose Achilles heel is founded upon an unproven belief: the belief that spirits, including souls, cannot exists. Science has never disproven the theory of the existence of spirits. Thus, disproof of theory, or falsification, is a cornerstone of scientific method(cf. Popper). As long as the theory of spirits cannot be falsified by science the line between Shamanism and Science will never be gone. However this factors that separate Science and Shamanism apart can still be bridged. As we all know healing both in Science and in Shamanism do have processes. These processes can be studied by science which I think has the greater knowledge to prove things. Once Science has discovered the way shamans heal they can infer scientific methods on the way and methods Shamans perform their healing. Not only that, from what I’ve read like Science, Shamanism can also be studied. Studying Shamanism can be one of the bridges that can unite the two. Another way to bridge the two is by scientist not only studying the Shamans’ methods but also by performing and being one of them. Thus, Scientists can train ecstatically and traditionally for them to have a greater knowledge of how Shamans communicate with spirits. In this ways scientist can perform trances that can make them one of the Shamans and be on the â€Å"shamanic state of consciousness†. These trances will also help them feel and experience how Shamans talk with what they call spirits and how Shamans experience the non-ordinary reality. Lastly, as Scientists engage and be part of shamanic society there they can prove or falsify if Shamanism is either true or just a fiction. In order to bridge these two Scientists who have more knowledge and grasp of experimenting must use themselves as experiment samples for them to achieve what they want. If they have proven that Shamanism can be true then maybe somehow they can make a way to connect the way Shamans perform their methods because they themselves are also Shamans. In this way scientific method will therefore be broader and can be used in Shamanism. Thus, Shamanism can be considered a branch of science.

GAAP Rule effect on International Accounting Essay

GAAP Rule effect on International Accounting - Essay Example According to this model revenue will not be recognized unless the performance requirement is satisfied. The FASB and IASB proposed an approach for recognition of revenue which will form one single standard in all industry for accounting. These newly developed standards need better disclosure in balance sheet. This will help an accountant by making their job much easier because they don’t have to follow other standards. FASB has developed five steps that a company must follow for the new process of recognition of revenue. 1. A company must recognize the contract for revenue recognition. This will supply goods and services to its customer. Contracts can be in written format or may be oral. Company required segmenting the contract if the value of some goods or services is prepared independently. 2. The goods and services of contract should be accounted as different performance obligations because the goods or services are sold independently and they have different profit margin. If the good or service is similar then it must be combined with other good or service until a different performance obligation is created. 3. This is the third step in recognition process. In this process company has to determine the transaction price.

SMB team on-demand CRM comparison guide by Ziff Davis Essay

SMB team on-demand CRM comparison guide by Ziff Davis - Essay Example The products can also be applied for single use or for departmental use. Each product also has a different pricing basis that ranges in price, duration of license and number of users per license. The products’ mode of sale, year of development, and ownership are also diversified. They however serve a wide customer base in the global market (Davis, p. 1).The reported Customer Relationship Management products also have differentiated features. The products’ specifications such as versions are for example distinct for each product. Similarly, the products functions are diversified and include â€Å"sales, marketing, service, workflow, system customization, offline synchronization, customer service, reporting and inventory management† functions that are either singly or jointly applicable (Davis, p. 2). The products are also identified with special features that apply to some of the functionalities. Such functions are sales, marketing.The content of the paper â€Å" SMB team on-demand CRM comparison guide by Ziff Davis† is relevant and valuable to my project that seeks to recommend application of Customer Relationship Management to Macy’s enterprises. This is because it identifies features of different Customer Relationship Management products, their functions that identify the products’ benefits, and features of every product towards its functions. It therefore helps with information that supports my project’s recommendation of a specific product to Macy’s Inc.

Public Honor vs. internal virtue Essay Example for Free

Public Honor vs. internal virtue Essay History has presented two different types of honor that have both been highly acceptable in their respective cultures. Christianity and the Bible put a great deal of emphasis on personal virtue, where one worries about themselves and not really anything else. This is in direct contrast to other cultures, however, where public virtue is a much more important part of society. In the play Julius Caesar, society rewards people who keep the whole in mind as opposed to keeping self in the most important place. The clash between public virtue and internal virtue is one that has created a personal struggle for many men in both of these societies, as well as in today’s society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the Bible, those who followed Jesus Christ were urged to practice personal virtue, as opposed to overall public virtue. Even Jesus himself was a living example of this. He was known to go against the flow and in fact, that is what eventually got him crucified. He went through his life preaching his principles, which directly clashed with what the religious elders were telling people at the time. This goes against public virtue, because it caused a ruckus within society and shook up the order that was currently working in society. That was unimportant to Jesus Christ, though, as his main focus was on internal purity as opposed to looking out for the greater good. Still, his work did go towards the greater good, though. That is the interesting paradox that exists within this example. Though Christ’s primary focus was on internal virtue, the overall body of his work was highly focused on public virtue. This could not be evaluated until his work on earth was finished, though, as from the surface, it appeared that Christ was a divider, instead of a person who brought people together for the pursuit of a great good.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A direct clash can be found if one looks at a story like Julius Caesar. Caesar was a leader that was loved by the majority of his people for the majority of his time in office. Eventually, he had to be taken down, though. He was not doing things as the leader of Rome that needed to be done in order to ensure that the people of that area had a fair shake. Because they knew this, the members of the Roman Senate like Brutus and Marc Anthony took it upon themselves to take action. They did not focus on doing the thing that was â€Å"right†, in regards to their own personal virtue. Instead, they threw aside those personal considerations in order to do something for the greater good of society at large. They assassinated Caesar in the most brutal manner possible in order to protect the people of Rome. In the time of Jesus, this would have been looked upon with a great deal of disgust, even though they were actually doing something good for society. Since they would have committed a personal wrong, basic Christian values would not have looked kindly upon their actions. In Roman society, where public virtue was given precedence over internal virtue, they were heroes, though. Brutus was a murderer by definition, but history looks upon him as a sympathetic and heroic figure. This speaks primarily to the differences in philosophy that existed during the two eras.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   These two examples are important to understanding the clash that existed between the two ideas. For the most part, each era of time allows for only one of these theories when it comes to judging major events. It is very difficult for people to keep their internal virtue, while also doing something that exhibits public virtue. Instead, a choice must be made between the two. People must decide if they want to keep their own internal sanctity or do that which will benefit society at large. In the case of Jesus Christ, the internal virtue overcame any consideration of public virtue because the teachings of the Bible made it that way. The time of Julius Caesar and Brutus was ruled by a different code, so history looks kindly on his actions in their scope. This interesting paradox clearly shows how different societies view different actions in regards to their moral â€Å"goodness†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Internal virtue and public virtue are two very different ideas that were accepted in two very different times. Today’s society seems to have an understanding for both, whereas other times would only allow for one or the other. Today, respect can be found for people who keep the greater good in mind when they take action. By contrast, those people who do what is right for themselves seem to get places in today’s society, as well. The clash between the two is not nearly as strong or nearly as distinct today as it once was. Still, there are times when people have to make a choice between the two types of virtue and in those times, the choice can dictate how history views their action.

Essay --

Yike Cao PHIL 100 Dr. Hass 10/8/2013 3. For what reasons did Socrates refuse to escape from prison? Do you agree or disagree with his decision? Defend your answer. In 399BC Socrates was sentenced to death on account of corrupting the youth of Athens. By this, the authorities claimed that he was teaching the youth to question what was commonly taught to them about religion, gods and goddesses. This was coming at the end of the Peloponnesian War, which was believed to have been a mark of Athena’s (patron Goddess of Athens) fury at her people. The people at the time believed that Socrates’ teachings would only have angered her further and so they arrested Socrates and eventually sentenced him to death. In this essay, I will explain the reasons why Socrates refused to escape from prison, and why I think he should not have accepted the death penalty. After reading Plato’s The Trial and Death of Socrates, it seems that Socrates was given a choice of punishment, but he refuses to take the charges seriously and claimed he was not afraid of death and thus was forced to drink hemlock. Socrates accepted his punishment saying that no one knows what death is like, it may be better than this life and that in death his soul could be free amongst other great souls and he could continue his questioning and search for knowledge there. Socrates claims that he is right to submit to his punishment. One reason he gives is that although he has this escape route, there would not be a great deal of point. He would be unable to continue his search for knowledge in Thessaly as, firstly, he may face the same charges for corrupting youth there or the Athenian authorities could easily find him there. He thought that people would be more interested in how ... ...you have the opportunity to continue living (even if your life is not going to be the same as it was before), and that life should be the most important and sacred thing. Therefore, under the eyes of the law he was right to submit to his punishment but it seems wrong to me that he chose death when he could have chosen life. Even though many people may argue that Socrates should not have escaped; Socrates was an old man and would have died anyway. He would rather become a martyr who highlights the problems with Athenian democracy than seem like a coward and escape. In another word, Socrates’ sacrifice was necessary in order to highlight the injustices of society at that point in time. But I still believe that Socrates should have at least fought for his life and not just submitted so readily to his punishment. The end result could still be the same, or even better.

History of Physical Education

Brief History of Physical Education A brief history of physical education in the United States would kick off in the nineteenth century. There was growing popularity of formal physical education programs all across Europe where calisthenics and gymnastics were all the rage. American schools looked to follow the European model by incorporating physical education into the curriculum for primary and secondary schools. And a brief history of physical education would not be complete with a consideration of institutes of higher education that gradually built up extremely successful sports programs.How it began The brief history of physical education would start in just about 1820 when schools focused on gymnastics, hygiene training and care and development of the human body. By the year 1950, over 400 institutes had introduced majors in physical education. The Young Men's Christian Association launched its very first chapter in 1851 and focused on physical activities. Colleges were encoura ged to focus on intramural sports particularly track, field and football.But physical education became a formal requirement following the civil war when many states opted to pass laws that required schools to incorporate a substantial physical education component into their curriculums. But it was not till 1970 that an amendment was made to the Federal Education Act that allowed women from high school and college to compete in athletic competitions. Sex-based discrimination was completely outlawed from government funded programs at this point. THE HISTORY OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND ADAPTED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN GREECEIn Greece the latest years special education has followed the same progression as in any other country in Europe but in a very slow pace. Specifically, Special Education services were available to Greek children since the beginning of the 20th century, adapted Physical Education was introduced the last two decades. After the first half of the century various associations developed intense activity with the aim to protect specific groups of people with special needs such as, the blind, the deaf and motionaly disabled.The initiative had clearly charitable characteristics with pity as the main feeling. The state welfare was non-existent every kind of care and prevention was accorded to the authorization of the charitable organization that with full power decided during the course of the years about the life and the future of thousands of people with special needs. The offers of the individuals had the form of institutional care (enclosed protection) with the offer of basic knowledge.The interest of private initiative led to the introduction of various institutional units and schools; firstly in the area of Attica and then in other cities of Greece. Some of the first institutions, which were created, was the â€Å"house of the blind† in 1906, the â€Å"house of the deaf and dump† in 1923, and the â€Å"Hellenic organization for the protec tion and rehabilitation of disabled children†. In 1937 much late there were more branches created such as the â€Å"national institution for the protection of the deaf and dump† in 1937, the â€Å"lighthouse of the blind† in 1946, the â€Å" school of the blind in North Greece† in 1948 etc.These institutions housed a great number of children but the role of the individuals was not only always a charitable one. However, the private sector helped in its way the state preparation so as to take up later the responsibility and interfere institutionally. The first state interferences began in 50’s and concerned mainly legislation arrangements for the blind and after for the motionaly disabled. The state however was interested in the group of the mentally retarded children and later in the motionaly disabled, which the private agents had completely ignored.The first school, which was founded by the state for the mentally retarded children, was the â€Å" original special school of Athens† in 1937. Many people considerthe state interference in the space of special education during the 30’s non-occasional. The considerable evolutions of pedagogical and psychology sciences, the establishment of obligatory attendance for all the children and the great number of mentally retarded children comparatively with other groups of â€Å" inferior individuals† was a reality which the Greek state could not ignore.From the mid of 50’s the 70’s the developments in special education came again from the wide activity of the private sector while the state followed with mainly legislation inferences and the well known sympathy towards the people with special needs. So, during this period educational units were founded and â€Å"deaf and dumb† schools in various areas of Greece and units for motionaly-disabled people. Another offer of the private sector was the foundation of children’s neuropsychiatry clini cs and schools for the group of â€Å"marginal adults† and â€Å" mentally retarded children†.The exemplification of the Greek state and the educational policy of the western countries begins in the mid of the 70’s approximately. Specifically towards the end of the 70’s measures were promoted for the professional rehabilitation of the disabled by giving motives to employers for the employment of these people. Since 1980 and then special classes for the children with, learning difficulties and slight mental retardment began to be estamplished.The Greek state in the 80’s seems to desire to participate actively with the other social factors in an attempt of reorganization of the philosophy and pre-existent structure concerning the people with special needs, which imposed their life and social back round. Precisely, emphasis was given in the whole development and the development of the potential of the people with special needs, their introduction in t he productive procedure and their mutual acceptance in the social group.Today, thousands of individuals with disabilities are introduced to sports in various settings such as schools or in sports clubs in both segregated and integrated settings by a variety of national and international organizations. The momentum for such change is contributed to several reasons: †¢ One of the most important reason is the introduction and approval of a new law, which mandates not only free public education for all children, but most important integration of children with disabilities in schools settings.This law is consideredas a springboard for the recognition for all children’s rights to participate in physical education activities. †¢ A second reason, is beginning of 90’s the implementation of the program â€Å"Sports for All†, which is organized by the General Secretariat of Sports and implemented with the support of different municipalities within Greece. †¢ A third reason, is the mandatory exposure of all students of physical education in adapted physical activity course work during their core university studies.In this way they have the opportunity not only to be introduced, but also to become specialized later on this subject. This has considerably affected their attitude to teach integrated sports. †¢ A fourth reason is the organization of the Paralympic Games of 2004, which is considered one of the largest events in the world. Due to the magnitude of this event, Greece started to evaluate the current status of the movement for sports for the disabled people, as well as, begin to take important actions towards the best organization of the games. History of Physical Education PREFACE To provide a meaningful background of physical education and sport in modern society it is helpful to have a clear understanding of its role in the past and how it emerged. The purpose of this assignment is to outline the history of physical education since time immemorial. The text begins with the beginning of the humankind engaging in physical activities, showing the history of physical education and sport being a rich tapestry of people, places, events and social forces from early civilization to the present time through transitional periods. INTRODUCTIONThe ground of education as a whole is going through remarkable challenges to serve the needs of the individual and the society, and this trend is reflected in physical education also. The history of physical education goes back to the earliest times, if we think of it in the simple terms of fitness and has existed since human society in one form or other. Since early history, even before the dawn of civilization and cultur e, physical exercise has been a very important aspect of human existence and it was not so long ago that it was called† physical culture† or â€Å"physical training†.THE PALEOLITHIC PERIOD Primitive humans began life in the â€Å"Stone Age. † What can they be called? Paleolithic people, Stone agers, primitive humans or cave men. They were hunters and gatherers. They hunted wild game and fished; they gathered veggies, berries and nuts. Primitive humans depended entirely on nature for food. Primitive men moved according to their satisfaction, needs and necessity. They needed to be fit to be able to go through their journey to hunt for food and water. Being nomads and hunters, they were people who had to be persistently hunting and gathering food for survival.Their trips regularly lasted for one-to-two days for food or water and were meant for regular physical activity to be produced. When they successfully hunted, they would travel many miles and miles to cel ebrate with family and friends. Physical activities were not organized by them. The necessity for survival which is the protection against hostile environment and wild beasts, and sometimes the engagement in murder to insure their protection, motivated these men to keep themselves physically ? t and strong enough compared to stronger forces of nature. In those days there were no machines to help people in their work.That is why they had to depend exclusively upon their physical powers and physical skill. They considered their body to be their prize possession, so their primary concern was to maintain and protect their body. The order of the day was the survival of the most fit. Their sociable nature was inborn and drew only by mating and propagation that gave them the desire to dance and play, which were not being organized. Men lived in such a state for thousands of years. There was neither any organization nor system. Most of their acts were learnt by the young generations by the competence of imitation rather than instruction.This lifestyle created many physical activities and a high level fitness which defined human life. THE NEOLITHIC TRANSITION Neolithic people lived during the â€Å"New Stone Age†, from 9000 to 8000 B. C. This was the transitional period in which pre- historic societies began to control their surroundings and form civilization. The two most significant developments were the domestication of animals and farming. Their society was different from Paleolithic culture because they lived in established communities, domesticated animals and cultivated crops.As they improved their society they developed skills like spinning, weaving and building. They also made tombs and religious items. Men and women gave up hunting gathering as the only sources of living and learnt to produce their own food. Agriculture and the raise of cattle were discovered and increased to a productive economy. Many villages were built generally located next to rive rs. Then came the creation of the plow, so the difficult tasks being done by the animals and other agricultural development brought the beginning of a less active lifestyle.Social organization became more complex in the first villages, and then towns. Different kind of chiefs appeared and gave rise to a political system. There was class system whereby society was divided into rich and poor. A specialization of work took place. Apart from peasants and cattle farmers, new economical activities such as craftsmanship (fabric, pottery) were born. This era in history symbolizes the beginning of a more sedentary lifestyle, as man began to lessen some hardships of life while simultaneously decreasing daily physical activity.ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS (2500-250 B. C. ) (i) China In China, the participation of regular physical activity was encouraged by the philosophical teachings. There were no such words in the Chinese vocabulary entirely corresponding to the Western terms of â€Å"sport† and â€Å"physical education†. Such physical exercises as wrestling, swordplay, archery, charioteering and horse-racing were all incorporated in the military training and therefore came under the general term of â€Å"wuyi,† or â€Å"martial arts. † Kung Fu gymnastics was developed to keep the body in good and working condition.It consisted of various stances and movements, patterned by separate foot works and imitations of different kind of animals’ fighting styles. (ii) India India has a long recorded history of civilization but physical activity was not encouraged because of the religious teachings over there. The teachings of Buddha restricted most of the sports and games practiced by other early civilizations. However, an exercise programs known as â€Å"yoga†, same as the Chinese Cong Fu gymnastics, was developed and some other physical activities as well. According to the Hindu priests, Yoga signifies the development of body, mind, and spir it.The Ancient Indian philosophers recognized the health benefits of Yoga, which consisted of the proper functioning of organs and the whole well-being. There have been many physical activities but were never treated as a part of general education, they were mostly an entry to military career. ANCIENT GREECE: THE HEART OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION & SPORT (2500-200 B. C. ) The western civilization began with the Greeks. They were the first one to provide a methodical and philosophical attitude toward education, physical education and sport. It is believed that no other civilization has held fitness in such appreciation as the ancient Greece had.The admiration for beauty of the body and importance of health and fitness throughout society is one that is beyond compare in history. For the Greeks, the development of the body was equivalently as important as development of the mind. They believed that the physical well-being was crucial for the mental well –being. During that period, the Greek states were frequently at war with each other. The Fighting abilities were very much associated with physical fitness levels, therefore making it very important for the people to maintain high level of fitness.Athens and Sparta were the two most famous city-states and dominant force of the Greek civilization. Sparta was already militaristic by 700 B. C. Spartans were derisive of intellectualism. They were generally suspicious and conventional. All that mattered to the Spartans was being a warrior. Athens was the more democratic of the two city-states. Both city-states served the people and their needs although they were very different. Being a potential warrior was all that mattered to the Spartans. Athens was the more democratic of the two city-states. SPARTAThe Spartan system was much more autocratic. Male children were taken at the age of seven to learn the basic military skills while living in barracks. Little emphasis was placed on the arts, sciences, philosophy and lite rature. Physical activities such as gymnastics, running, jumping, boxing, wrestling and pankration (a brutal combination of  boxing and wrestling) were provided to produce powerful warriors. When the children reached the age of fourteen, they were taught group fighting tactics which would allow them to succeed while in the military from the ages of twenty to thirty.Girls did not live in public military  barracks like the boys, but they participated in discuss, gymnastics, horse riding,  javelin, swimming, running, and wrestling at separate training grounds. The objective for women’s physical education was to enable them to produce healthy and strong potential warriors. At the age of thirty, the men could then marry women who were fit and healthy so that they could make strong babies, therefore future warriors. ATHENS For the Athenian -The motto for education was â€Å"a sound mind in a sound body† (mens sana in corpore sano) Athens was quite different compared to the Sparta.The Athenian culture was a very much more freethinking and democratic society specially noted for its art, literature, philosophy as well as its political system. There were citizens, foreign settlers and slaves but only the citizens were provided with educational opportunities. When compared to Sparta, education was very different in Athens. Women had no physical education compared to Sparta. They put much more emphasis toward intellectual quest. Their objective was similar to Sparta that is preparing male warriors.Athenian education was a balance between music (including poetry) and gymnastics which enveloped a range of physical activities. Physical education was provided to the students with a series of graded activities at the Palestra, which consisted of an indoor facility for gymnastics, and to an outdoor space for boxing, discus, javelin, running, jumping, pankration, pentathlon and wrestling. Many of these athletic events were part of the four great sport and rel igious festivals which consisted of the Olympic, Isthmian, Pythian and Nemean Games.These games started as simple athletic contests dedicated to Greek gods, but the Olympic Games, in particular, over 1000 years, became increasingly complex encompassing events for boys and men in running over different distances, pentathlon, wrestling, races in armour, chariot races, and pankration. As of education more broadly, the clear objectives of physical education in Athens were to educate the mind and the body and to produce a well integrated person. ROMANS The political ambition of Rome incorporated physical education into a national program for the preparation of military.Therefore, similar to the Greeks, sports, games and physical recreation were meant to prepare boys and young men for military service. Physical education for the Romans was about athletics, which was entertainment above all. All Roman citizens between the ages of 17 and 60 had to be fit for the military service, so it was very important for all the citizens to maintain good physical condition and be prepared. Military training consisted of activities such as running, marching, jumping, and discus and javelin throwing. The fitness levels of the general Roman population declined as individuals became attracted to wealth and entertainment.People were forced to fight to the death, and oftentimes fed to lions. Women were not as marginalized in Rome as they were in Greek city-states. Some sporting events were organized for young women such as swimming, dancing, and light exercise was common, especially among the privileged classes. THE DARK (476-1000) AND MIDDLE AGES (900-1400) The Middle Ages saw the fall of the Roman Empire which was conquered by Barbarians from Northern Europe, whereby the lavish lifestyles of the Romans had resulted in the complete decay of the society's fitness level.There was the rise of Christianity, and the Christian’s influence brought about a denial of physical activity fo r anything other than manual labor. They viewed physical play as immoral, so they halted the Olympic Games in 394. The barbarians from Northern Europe were similar to the primitive humans. Their way of life consisted of hunting and gathering food, so physical activity and fitness were fundamentals for survival. Thus, despite the downfall of the Roman Empire, fitness experienced a revival during the Dark and Middle ages because survival during these challenging times required it. THE RENAISSANCE (1400-1600)During the Renaissance, a renewed appreciation for human life evolved creating an environment which was ready for the widespread development of physical education; revival of ancient Greek ideals throughout Europe. There were many people which included the religious leader;Martin Luther, the philosopher; John Locke, physical educators; Vittorino da Feltra, John Comenius, and Richard Mulcaster carried on that high fitness levels improved intellectual learning. But in the 1600s peopl e believed that if it did not have any specific purpose than just a waste of time. PHYSICAL EDUCATION AS FROM THE 1700SThere was a big change in physical education during the 1700’s which can be mostly accredited to three people: Jean Jacques Rousseau, Johan Simon, and Guts Muths. Rousseau was the first person to promote education for the people and he also concluded play as being educational and stressed the importance of physical education to the development of a strong body. In the mid 1700s, Johan Simon became the first physical education teacher and stressed on the fact that physical education should be taught along with reading and writing. Simon believed physical education should include a lot of physical effort.Guts Muths developed a series of gymnastic apparatuses and believed that very important social skills are developed through physical education. These people of that time and the things they did began to pave the road to where we are today. In 19th-century, the first indoor gymnasium was built in Germany and some countries such as Europe, Sweden and Germany developed systems of gymnastics that were adopted internationally. A gymnasium was also build in Finland where exercise was for the first time seen as a way to achieve physical treatment. In connection to exercise, students started to study anatomy and physiology.Denmark was among the first countries to require physical education in schools. By the 1820s, some American schools offered gymnasium and physical education. The physical education included the development and care of the body, and training in hygiene, callisthenic exercises, gymnastics, and the performance and management of athletic games. CONCLUSION Physical education has a cultural heritage and background which started at the dawn of civilization. Primitive human being had to be very active and physically to survive. Farming began in its primitive form and made people have more physical activity from only working in the fiel ds.People fitness levels changed here and the also began seeing a more sedentary lifestyle. Ancient Greek culture depended upon preparing its young men for war. Training for battle was not an option, but a prerequisite. Ancient physical education programs concentrated exclusively on activities that trained soldiers. The significance of physical education no longer concentrates solely on training soldiers for battle and ancient athletes for victories but for the wholesome development of a person. It began in ancient Greece and made its way around the world. REFERENCES S. E. Smith. (). What was the Neolithic Period?. Available: http://www. isegeek. com/what-was-the-neolithic-period. htm. Last accessed: 30th Oct 2012. Charles A. Bucher. (1983). Historical foundations of physical education and sport. In: Nancy K. Roberson Foundations of physical education and sport. US: The C. V. Mosby Company. P133-155. http://www. cals. ncsu. edu/agexed/aee501/rousseau. html http://prezi. com/ieokiwmd e3ni/history-of-physical-education/ Howel et al. 1994. History Of Sport And Physical Education. In: Foundations of Physical Education,pp. 17-117 A. Bruce Frederick. (). Gymnastics. Available: http://www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/250277/gymnastics#ref700589. Last accessed: 01st nov 2012. History of Physical Education Brief History of Physical Education A brief history of physical education in the United States would kick off in the nineteenth century. There was growing popularity of formal physical education programs all across Europe where calisthenics and gymnastics were all the rage. American schools looked to follow the European model by incorporating physical education into the curriculum for primary and secondary schools. And a brief history of physical education would not be complete with a consideration of institutes of higher education that gradually built up extremely successful sports programs.How it began The brief history of physical education would start in just about 1820 when schools focused on gymnastics, hygiene training and care and development of the human body. By the year 1950, over 400 institutes had introduced majors in physical education. The Young Men's Christian Association launched its very first chapter in 1851 and focused on physical activities. Colleges were encoura ged to focus on intramural sports particularly track, field and football.But physical education became a formal requirement following the civil war when many states opted to pass laws that required schools to incorporate a substantial physical education component into their curriculums. But it was not till 1970 that an amendment was made to the Federal Education Act that allowed women from high school and college to compete in athletic competitions. Sex-based discrimination was completely outlawed from government funded programs at this point. THE HISTORY OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND ADAPTED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN GREECEIn Greece the latest years special education has followed the same progression as in any other country in Europe but in a very slow pace. Specifically, Special Education services were available to Greek children since the beginning of the 20th century, adapted Physical Education was introduced the last two decades. After the first half of the century various associations developed intense activity with the aim to protect specific groups of people with special needs such as, the blind, the deaf and motionaly disabled.The initiative had clearly charitable characteristics with pity as the main feeling. The state welfare was non-existent every kind of care and prevention was accorded to the authorization of the charitable organization that with full power decided during the course of the years about the life and the future of thousands of people with special needs. The offers of the individuals had the form of institutional care (enclosed protection) with the offer of basic knowledge.The interest of private initiative led to the introduction of various institutional units and schools; firstly in the area of Attica and then in other cities of Greece. Some of the first institutions, which were created, was the â€Å"house of the blind† in 1906, the â€Å"house of the deaf and dump† in 1923, and the â€Å"Hellenic organization for the protec tion and rehabilitation of disabled children†. In 1937 much late there were more branches created such as the â€Å"national institution for the protection of the deaf and dump† in 1937, the â€Å"lighthouse of the blind† in 1946, the â€Å" school of the blind in North Greece† in 1948 etc.These institutions housed a great number of children but the role of the individuals was not only always a charitable one. However, the private sector helped in its way the state preparation so as to take up later the responsibility and interfere institutionally. The first state interferences began in 50’s and concerned mainly legislation arrangements for the blind and after for the motionaly disabled. The state however was interested in the group of the mentally retarded children and later in the motionaly disabled, which the private agents had completely ignored.The first school, which was founded by the state for the mentally retarded children, was the â€Å" original special school of Athens† in 1937. Many people considerthe state interference in the space of special education during the 30’s non-occasional. The considerable evolutions of pedagogical and psychology sciences, the establishment of obligatory attendance for all the children and the great number of mentally retarded children comparatively with other groups of â€Å" inferior individuals† was a reality which the Greek state could not ignore.From the mid of 50’s the 70’s the developments in special education came again from the wide activity of the private sector while the state followed with mainly legislation inferences and the well known sympathy towards the people with special needs. So, during this period educational units were founded and â€Å"deaf and dumb† schools in various areas of Greece and units for motionaly-disabled people. Another offer of the private sector was the foundation of children’s neuropsychiatry clini cs and schools for the group of â€Å"marginal adults† and â€Å" mentally retarded children†.The exemplification of the Greek state and the educational policy of the western countries begins in the mid of the 70’s approximately. Specifically towards the end of the 70’s measures were promoted for the professional rehabilitation of the disabled by giving motives to employers for the employment of these people. Since 1980 and then special classes for the children with, learning difficulties and slight mental retardment began to be estamplished.The Greek state in the 80’s seems to desire to participate actively with the other social factors in an attempt of reorganization of the philosophy and pre-existent structure concerning the people with special needs, which imposed their life and social back round. Precisely, emphasis was given in the whole development and the development of the potential of the people with special needs, their introduction in t he productive procedure and their mutual acceptance in the social group.Today, thousands of individuals with disabilities are introduced to sports in various settings such as schools or in sports clubs in both segregated and integrated settings by a variety of national and international organizations. The momentum for such change is contributed to several reasons: †¢ One of the most important reason is the introduction and approval of a new law, which mandates not only free public education for all children, but most important integration of children with disabilities in schools settings.This law is consideredas a springboard for the recognition for all children’s rights to participate in physical education activities. †¢ A second reason, is beginning of 90’s the implementation of the program â€Å"Sports for All†, which is organized by the General Secretariat of Sports and implemented with the support of different municipalities within Greece. †¢ A third reason, is the mandatory exposure of all students of physical education in adapted physical activity course work during their core university studies.In this way they have the opportunity not only to be introduced, but also to become specialized later on this subject. This has considerably affected their attitude to teach integrated sports. †¢ A fourth reason is the organization of the Paralympic Games of 2004, which is considered one of the largest events in the world. Due to the magnitude of this event, Greece started to evaluate the current status of the movement for sports for the disabled people, as well as, begin to take important actions towards the best organization of the games.